The pharmaceutical industry plays a significant role in developing vaccines and medications for prevention and reduction in disease incidence, treatment of ailments and enhancement in quality of life by contributing to innovative research and engaging in technological advancements to meet the complex healthcare demands of the population. The main goal of this industry is to provide drugs to maintain health or prevent infections and cure diseases affecting the global population.
The pharmaceutical industry has become one of the most developed sectors in recent times. The progressive advancements of science and technology in general have been one of the factors that have stimulated the growth of this sector. Like other industrial sectors, the pharmaceutical industry has moved toward the development of more sustainable production systems, products, and processes. In particular, biopolymers have emerged as suitable entities in this application as a result of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, origin, safety, etc. In this way, biopolymers fulfill different roles in the pharmaceutical industry, beyond the usual functions can also fulfill passive and active functions as components of the drug. In this chapter, applications of polymers in the pharmaceutical industry are described in general, emphasizing the structural details that make their various uses possible.
The pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies consider mathematical modeling as a valuable tool to increase the productivity of pharmaceutical research and the efficiency of new drug development processes. This chapter provides an engineering-oriented approach to the definition of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models with the target of covering and meeting the directives of quantitative systems pharmacology. In particular, we extensively discuss the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models and the coupling with alternative versions of pharmacodynamic models. Model designs and the derived equations are critically engaged with a multidisciplinary perspective to acknowledge both anatomical/physiological consistency and mathematical correctness, including model-identifiability issues and parameters-uncertainty assessment. The purpose is to provide a general framework for engineers and pharmaceutical scientists approaching this discipline.
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